The History of Sunglasses

Made to Shade

Sunglasses, an accessory commonly associated with style and protection, have a rich history that spans centuries. The journey from rudimentary sun-blocking devices to modern fashion statements reflects advances in technology, changes in fashion, and a growing understanding of eye health. Ancient Beginnings The earliest known use of sunglasses dates back to prehistoric times when Inuit peoples used flattened walrus ivory with narrow slits to shield their eyes from the harsh glare of the sun reflected off snow and ice. These primitive "glasses" were essential for survival in the Arctic, preventing snow blindness caused by UV radiation. In ancient China, sunglasses were made from flat panes of smoky quartz, not to block UV rays but to conceal the eyes and facial expressions of judges in court, maintaining an air of impartiality. These early Chinese sunglasses were more about social and functional roles than eye protection. Middle Ages to Renaissance By the 12th century, the use of tinted glasses spread to Italy, primarily for aiding vision rather than protecting against sunlight. Monks and scholars used these early spectacles to read and write, indicating a shift towards enhancing visual acuity. During the Renaissance, sunglasses began to be more associated with protection from sunlight. The invention of the printing press increased the demand for spectacles, which in turn led to experimentation with tinted lenses to reduce glare and eye strain for readers and outdoor workers. The 18th and 19th Centuries In the 18th century, James Ayscough began experimenting with tinted lenses in spectacles, hypothesizing that blue or green lenses could correct specific vision problems. Although his primary focus was not on sun protection, his work laid the groundwork for the development of modern sunglasses. By the 19th century, sunglasses became more common. They were popular among actors, who used them to shield their eyes from the harsh stage lights. This era marked the beginning of sunglasses being used for comfort and eye protection. The 20th Century: Sunglasses as Fashion The 20th century saw significant advancements in sunglasses, both as protective eyewear and fashion accessories. The development of UV-blocking lenses in the 1920s by companies like Foster Grant revolutionized sunglasses, making them essential for eye health. The popularity of sunglasses surged in the 1930s with the advent of polarized lenses by Edwin H. Land, the founder of Polaroid. These lenses could reduce glare from reflective surfaces, making them ideal for outdoor activities. Around the same time, Hollywood stars began wearing sunglasses in public, enhancing their image as glamorous accessories. During World War II, sunglasses became part of military gear. Aviator sunglasses, developed by Bausch & Lomb for pilots, combined style with function, reducing glare while flying. After the war, these aviators became fashionable among the general public, solidifying sunglasses as a cultural icon. Contemporary Trends In the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st, sunglasses continued to evolve. The 1960s and 1970s saw the rise of designer sunglasses, with fashion houses like Gucci, Ray-Ban, and Oakley offering stylish options. Innovations in materials and design, such as lightweight plastics and impact-resistant lenses, enhanced both the functionality and appeal of sunglasses. Today, sunglasses are ubiquitous, offering a blend of fashion, comfort, and essential eye protection. They are available in a variety of styles, from classic aviators to sporty wraparounds, catering to diverse tastes and needs. Advances in lens technology continue to improve their protective capabilities, addressing concerns such as UV radiation, blue light, and digital eye strain. The history of sunglasses is a testament to human ingenuity and adaptability. From ancient ivory slits to high-tech polarized lenses, sunglasses have evolved to meet our changing needs and desires. As both a practical tool and a fashion statement, sunglasses will likely continue to play an integral role in our lives, reflecting the ever-changing landscape of technology and style. References Lappin, J. (2019). The History of Sunglasses: From Antiquity to Today's Latest Designs. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved from Smithsonian Magazine. Korda, P. (2020). Shades of the Past: A History of Sunglasses. Vision Source. Retrieved from Vision Source. Land, E. H. (1936). Polarizing Spectacles and Their Applications. Polaroid Corporation. Retrieved from Polaroid. Foster Grant. (n.d.). Our History. Retrieved from Foster Grant.